短文改錯解題技巧口訣

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在英語考試中,會有短文改錯的題型,那麼相關的解題技巧口訣又是怎麼樣的呢?下面就隨小編一起去閱讀短文改錯解題技巧口訣,相信能帶給大家幫助。

短文改錯解題技巧口訣

  短文改錯口訣:

動詞形,名詞數;

注意形和副;

非謂動詞細辨別;

習慣用法要記住;

句子成分多分析;

邏輯錯誤須關注。

  動詞形

PART 1

主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態和語態錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。

例如:My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. (was→am)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (is→are)

上述兩例分別屬於時態錯誤和主謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態概念,注意短文內容發生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。

  名詞數

PART 2

指名詞單數、複數形式的用法錯誤。常表現爲將名詞複數寫成單數。

例如:…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject→subjects)

  注意形副

PART 3

區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。

例如:I’m sure we’ll have awonderfullytime together. (wonderfully→wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate→Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。

  非謂動詞細辨別

PART4

這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。

例如:1. …in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting→interested)

2. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (Play→Playing)

3. My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)

上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現在分詞有主動態和進行時的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態的含義。

  習慣用法要記住

PART5

主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點,其錯誤表現形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如:

1. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (for→of)

2. We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

  句子成分多分析

PART6

不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細緻的分析,才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。

例如:

1. They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)

2. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where→which)

第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受寒於習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,which(代“北京”, 在所引導的非限制性定語從句中做主語) is the capital of China (系表結構)where是副詞,不能作主語。

  邏輯錯誤須關注

PART7

與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬於邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:

1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his→their)

2. First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

3. … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (someone→everyone)

上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此後面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的`more在這兒表“再”的意思,纔開始告訴別人,怎麼能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是爲了解決看電視時的爭端,“我們”把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone。

  除了上述錯誤類型外,常考的錯誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類爲邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。

例如:

1. She was smiling but nodding at me. (but→and)

2. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (and→or)

3. We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a→the)

做下面短文改錯題 ,看看是否用到本文的口訣。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous

76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather

77. _____

was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of

78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we

79. _____

climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples

80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture

81._____

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.

82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top

83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was

84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my

85. _____

head touched the pillow.

答案與分析

76. famous前加上a.(名詞數)此題考查冠詞的基本用法。mountain是可數名詞,這裏是泛指,所以要加不定冠詞a。

77. 正確

前面加when,引導一個時間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)It was about noon和we arrived at the foot of the mountain都是簡單句,必須用複合連詞when把它們連接起來,構成時間狀語從句。

79. them→us(邏輯錯誤須關注)此題考查代詞的用法。這篇短文敘述了作者和他的父母親一起去旅遊,這裏指的是“我們”,而不是“他們”。

80. visiting→visited(非謂動詞細辨別)並列連詞and連接的是三個謂語:fed, visited和told。

ure→pictures(名詞數)picture是可數名詞,從下文中since the scenery was so beautiful可以看出,作者拍了不止一張照片。所以要用複數。

82. passes→passed(動詞形)考查動詞時態,作者和他父母親旅遊的時間發生在過去(Last week),所以要用一般過去時。

83. 去掉down(習慣用法要記住)Evening came的意思是,到了夜晚。不能用came down。

84. and→but(but,and,or和so)此題考查連詞的基本用法。食物貴(The food was expensive)與服務好(the service was good)之間是轉折關係,不是並列關係。

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習慣用法要記住)the moment(that)可以引導時間狀語從句,意思是“一…就”,前面不用介詞at。在這個句子中,省略了that。

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